How your Virginia take-home pay is calculated
Your gross pay is what you earn before anything is withheld; your take-home (net) pay is what actually lands in your bank account. Between the two sit several deductions, applied in a specific order. This calculator walks gross pay through pre-tax deductions, federal income tax, FICA, and Virginia state tax to estimate what you keep each paycheck.
The deductions, step by step
- Pre-tax deductions, traditional 401(k), HSA, and pre-tax health premiums come out first and lower your taxable income (your 401(k) still counts for Social Security and Medicare, though).
- Federal income tax, applied to income after the standard deduction using the 2025 progressive brackets for your filing status.
- FICA, Social Security at 6.2% (up to the annual wage base) plus Medicare at 1.45% on all wages, with an extra 0.9% on wages above $200,000.
- Virginia tax, Virginia uses four brackets topping out at 5.75% on income over $17,000, after a standard deduction of $8,750 single / $17,500 married. The higher standard deduction is scheduled to expire after 2025 unless lawmakers extend it. Virginia has no local income tax.
Biweekly vs. monthly, does it change your taxes?
No. Your total annual tax depends on what you earn in a year, not how often you're paid. A biweekly schedule (26 checks) simply slices the same annual take-home into smaller, more frequent amounts than a monthly schedule (12 checks). Switch the pay-frequency selector above and you'll see the per-paycheck figure change while the annual totals stay put.
Make your estimate more accurate
- Set your real 401(k) percentage and HSA amount, pre-tax contributions can noticeably raise take-home-adjusted savings.
- Choose the filing status that matches your W-4; married filing jointly widens the brackets.
- Add your pre-tax health premium if your employer deducts it before taxes.
This is an estimate of annual tax liability, not exact per-paycheck withholding (which follows IRS Pub 15-T tables and your specific W-4). It uses 2025 federal and FICA figures and doesn't model local city taxes, post-tax deductions, or tax credits. Treat the result as a close ballpark, and check your actual pay stub for the precise numbers.